The graphic is from page 26 of Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain by Zaretta Hammond. This a highly recommended book that has been sitting on my bookshelf for awhile, and I just finished reading it.

As it relates to learner agency the difference between dependent learners and independent learners is something for us to think about for all of our students (and for ourselves). And, as we work with students, an essential question we can ask ourselves is: How might we design the conditions for students to move forward in our absence? Or, once instruction is provided and we “walk away” from a student, how can we ensure he or she will continue to learn without having to rely on the teacher?

In my experiences, it is empowering when we shift the conversation from if we can make this happen for all learners to how we can make this happen for all learners.